Spring Ai 集成 MCP

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MCP是什么

MCP 是一个开放协议，它为应用程序向 LLM 提供上下文的方式进行了标准化。你可以将 MCP 想象成 AI 应用程序的 USB-C 接口。就像 USB-C 为设备连接各种外设和配件提供了标准化的方式一样，MCP 为 AI 模型连接各种数据源和工具提供了标准化的接口。

Spring AI已经支持MCP服务和客户端。引入对应的依赖，就可以开发自己的MCP服务

Spring AI文档

MCP架构

MCP 采用客户端-服务器架构：

  • MCP 客户端(Client)：通常是 AI 应用程序(如 Claude Desktop 或其他 LLM 工具)，负责发起请求并与服务器通信。
  • MCP 服务器(Server)：轻量级程序，负责暴露特定的数据源或工具功能，并通过标准化协议与客户端交互。

下面介绍如何搭建Spring AI MCP

1. 新建项目

项目结构
image.png
父级pom配置

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.hk</groupId>
    <artifactId>springAi</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springAi</name>
    <description>springAi</description>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <java.version>21</java.version>
        <spring-ai.version>1.0.0</spring-ai.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-ai-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-ai.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <annotationProcessorPaths>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </path>
                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

新建Server子模块

该模块用来模拟演示提供城市天气数据

pom配置

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hk</groupId>
        <artifactId>springAi</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.hk.springAiServer</groupId>
    <artifactId>springAiServer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springAiServer</name>
    <description>springAiServer</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>21</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

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# 端口
server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: springAiServer
  # MCP 服务
  ai:
    mcp:
      server:
        name: hk-mcp-server

IHkMcpService

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public interface IHkMcpService {
    String selectTq(String  city);
}

HkMcpServiceImpl

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import com.hk.springaiserver.service.IHkMcpService;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.annotation.Tool;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.annotation.ToolParam;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @Author hk
 * @Description
 * @date 2025/8/7 9:38
 */
@Service
public class HkMcpServiceImpl implements IHkMcpService {
    @Tool(description = "根据城市名称获取天气预报")
    @Override
    public String selectTq(@ToolParam(description = "城市信息")String city) {
        System.out.println("查询城市：" + city);
        return String.format("为您查询到%s今天天气：多云", city);
    }
}

image.png

注册MCP方法

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    @Bean
    public ToolCallbackProvider gzhRecommendTools(IHkMcpService service) {
        System.out.println("初始化MCP工具");
        return MethodToolCallbackProvider.builder().toolObjects(service).build();
    }

启动服务端

启动后日志输出注入一个方法
image.png

新建client子模块

pom配置

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hk</groupId>
        <artifactId>springAi</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.hk.springAiClient</groupId>
    <artifactId>springAiClient</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springAiClient</name>
    <description>springAiClient</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>21</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-mcp-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-model-ollama</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

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server:
  # 应用服务 WEB 访问端口
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: springAiClient
  ai:
    ollama:
      # Ollama配置
      base-url: http://v-kun.com:11434
      chat:
        model: qwen3
        options:
          temperature: 0.7
    mcp:
      client:
        # MCP客户端的配置
        name: mcp-client
        sse:
          connections:
            server1:
              # 要连接的服务地址
              url: http://localhost:8080
        toolcallback:
          # 默认情况下，工具回调功能处于禁用状态，需要开启
          enabled: true

controller

处理用户请求调用LLM

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import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient.CallResponseSpec;
import org.springframework.ai.ollama.OllamaChatModel;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.ToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author hk
 * @Description
 * @date 2025/8/7 9:49
 */

@RestController
public class AiController {
    @Autowired
    private OllamaChatModel ollamaChatModel;
    @Autowired
    private ToolCallbackProvider toolCallbackProvider;

    @GetMapping("/chat")
    public String chat(String msg){
        ChatClient chatClient = ChatClient.builder(ollamaChatModel).build();
        CallResponseSpec call = chatClient.prompt(msg).toolCallbacks(toolCallbackProvider.getToolCallbacks()).call();
        return call.content();
    }
}

启动客户端

image.png

测试MCP服务

调用接口 http://localhost:8081/chat?msg=查询武汉天气

调用接口返回结果：
好的，用户之前让我查询武汉的天气，现在工具返回了结果。我需要把结果用自然的中文告诉他。返回的信息是“为您查询到武汉今天天气：多云”，看起来是正确的。我应该直接转述这个信息，保持简洁明了。用户可能只需要知道今天的天气情况，所以不需要额外添加其他内容。确认回复没有错误后，发送给用户。 为您查询到武汉今天天气：多云。

image.png

可以看到日志调用了我们自己写的工具

集成千问

pom添加依赖

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        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-model-openai</artifactId>
        </dependency>

application.yml

添加千问配置，spring.ai.openai.api-key不添加启动会报错

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spring:
  ai:
    openai:
      # 不添加启动会报错
      api-key: key
    qwen:
      api-key: key
      endpoint: https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode
      model: qwen-turbo

注入

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    @Value("${spring.ai.qwen.api-key}")
    private String qwenApiKey;
    @Value("${spring.ai.qwen.endpoint}")
    private String qwenEndpoint;
    @Value("${spring.ai.qwen.model}")
    private String qwenModel;
    @Bean(name = "qwenChatModel")
    public ChatModel qwenChatModel() {
        OpenAiApi openAiApi = OpenAiApi.builder()
                .baseUrl(qwenEndpoint)
                .apiKey(qwenApiKey)
                .build();
        OpenAiChatOptions openAiChatOptions = OpenAiChatOptions.builder()
                .model(qwenModel)
                .temperature(0.7)
                .build();
        return OpenAiChatModel.builder()
                .openAiApi(openAiApi)
                .defaultOptions(openAiChatOptions)
                .build();
    }

调用

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    @Resource(name = "qwenChatModel")
    private ChatModel qwenModel;

    @GetMapping("/ali")
    public String ali(String msg){
        ChatClient chatClient = ChatClient.builder(qwenModel).build();
        CallResponseSpec call = chatClient.prompt(msg).toolCallbacks(toolCallbackProvider.getToolCallbacks()).call();
        return call.content();
    }

遇到问题

多个@Tool的name都是中文报错

server多个工具
image.png
client启动时报：Multiple tools with the same name
因为注册工具时把中文过滤掉了导致提示名称重复
影响版本：spring-ai-mcp 1.0.0
image.png

解决办法

用英文名称或者中文名称加上唯一id，例如：查询天气(cxtq)

目录
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